Former Elephant trainer David Blasko stated the bull hook or ankus is a tool to guide and direct elephants, not to harm them with. Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus Vice-President of Operations, Tom Albert said “We take proper care of our elephants. We use the tool properly.”

“The animal can feel a bull hook just like a dog can feel a leash. Otherwise, it would serve no purpose. But, it’s not cruel if it’s used properly,” Blasko said.

Ald. Smith, whose bill was passed by a City Council committee Thursday, admitted she had to settle for a lesser Bill as she didn’t have the votes to pass the measure as she introduced it following her 2005 campaign to stop the use of elephants in Chicago.

Keepers of Noorjahan at Twycross Zoo, in Leicestershire, said the procedure had been ‘incredibly successful’ and the baby is expected in August next year.

The zoo chose artificial insemination because it had no male elephants in its

Zoo deputy director John Ray said: ‘Any artificial insemination can be a tricky procedure, but we were particularly happy when Noorjahan became pregnant after the first attempt.

‘We would always prefer natural breeding for our animals, but in this case our herd of elephants includes only females.’

Without the procedure, the zoo would have to have moved its entire herd to the other zoo because breaking it up can unsettle the creatures.

Artificial insemination has been used at Colchester Zoo in the past, where an African elephant was born as a result. Other attempts on elephants in different zoos in the UK have until now, proved unsuccessful, Twycross Zoo said.